Panic Attacks vs Anxiety Attacks: Identifying the Difference
Jake Newby
| 4 min read
Jake Newby is a brand journalist for Blue Cross Blue...
Key Takeaways
- Panic attacks come on suddenly and peak within minutes, while anxiety builds gradually in response to stress or worry.
- Panic attacks are a recognized medical condition; anxiety attacks are a non-clinical term describing intense anxiety episodes.
- Panic symptoms are more intense and may include chest pain, dizziness and fear of losing control or dying.
- Treatment for both conditions may include therapy, medication, stress management and lifestyle changes to improve daily functioning.
Many people use the terms "panic attack" and "anxiety attack" interchangeably, but they are not the same thing. While both can trigger intense feelings of fear, worry and physical discomfort, they develop differently and can last for varying amounts of time.
Understanding the differences between a panic attack and an anxiety attack can help you recognize what you are experiencing so you know what kind of support to seek and when.
What is an anxiety attack?
The term “anxiety attack’ is commonly used to describe a period of overwhelming anxiety that builds in response to a stressor or perceived threat, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Anxiety itself is characterized by excessive worry, nervousness and apprehension about future events or uncertain outcomes. Anxiety symptoms often develop gradually and may include:
- Restlessness
- Muscle tension
- Irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
- Fatigue
- Increased heart rate
- Sweating or shakiness
Unlike panic attacks, anxiety symptoms are usually connected to a specific concern, such as work pressures, financial stress, health worries or relationship struggles. Symptoms can persist for hours, days or even longer if the underlying stress is not resolved.
What is a panic attack?
A panic attack is clinically recognized clinically as a sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches its peak within minutes. Panic attacks can occur unexpectedly, even when there is no obvious danger or trigger. Common symptoms, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), include:
- Rapid or pounding heartbeat
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chills or hot flashes
- Nausea
- Tingling or numbness
- Feelings of unreality or detachment
- Fear of losing control or dying
Panic attacks can be frightening and are sometimes mistaken for heart attacks because of their intense physical symptoms.
While the attacks themselves are not life-threatening, recurring attacks may be a sign of panic disorder, which the NIMH says may be diagnosed when a person experiences recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, along with ongoing worry or behavioral changes due to the fear of future attacks. It’s a condition that can interfere significantly with daily life.
What are the similarities and differences between anxiety attacks and panic attacks?
As listed above, panic attacks and anxiety attacks share several symptoms, including increased heart rate, sweating, trembling and feelings of fear or distress. The primary differences come down to onset, intensity and triggers.
Anxiety typically builds gradually and is connected to an identifiable source of stress. Panic attacks tend to occur suddenly, often without warning, and are generally more intense. Panic symptoms usually peak within minutes and often subside within about 30 minutes, according to Michigan Medicine, while anxiety can linger much longer.
Another important distinction is that panic attacks are recognized in diagnostic guidelines used by mental health professionals, while anxiety attacks are not considered a formal diagnosis.
Treatment for panic attacks and anxiety attacks and when to seek help
Everyone experiences anxiety from time to time, but persistent anxiety or recurring panic attacks shouldn't be ignored.
If symptoms interfere with your work, relationships or daily activities, talk with your primary care provider (PCP) about starting a treatment plan. Many people experience significant improvement with the right support, as early treatment can help reduce symptoms, improve quality of life and provide the tools needed to better manage future stressors.
Treatment options may include:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Other forms of talk therapy
- Medication, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications
- Stress-management techniques
- Relaxation and breathing exercises
- Lifestyle changes that support overall mental well-being
Working through anxiety takes time. For some people, symptoms may worsen if you avoid seeking help. If your anxiety persists, talking to a professional can help.
Talking with a licensed mental health professional can help people better understand their symptoms, develop coping strategies and begin the healing process.
Quickly get the right help for a mental health or substance use crisis by visiting Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan's Crisis Care Support directory at this link. These resources can help you find the best-fitting, immediate care for yourself or your loved ones based on the care centers closest to your county.
Learn more about mental health and options you have as a member to seek help at bcbsm.com/mentalhealth.
Photo credit: Getty Images
