What to Know About Mold Allergies
Jake Newby
| 4 min read
Jake Newby is a brand journalist for Blue Cross Blue...
Key Takeaways
- Mold thrives in damp environments like bathrooms, basements and areas with leaks or poor ventilation.
- Sneezing, congestion, itchy eyes and coughing may worsen in damp or mold-prone environments.
- Musty odors, water damage and recurring allergy symptoms can all signal hidden mold in the home.
- Controlling humidity, improving ventilation and using allergy medications can all help reduce flare-ups.
Mold is a natural part of our environment, but when it finds its way indoors or builds up in large amounts, it can trigger uncomfortable allergy symptoms for many people. Mold allergies are common and can affect people year-round, though symptoms may worsen during warmer, damp seasons, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA).
Understanding where mold grows, how it affects the body and when to seek treatment can help people manage symptoms, improve their indoor air quality and find much-needed relief.
What are the most notable types of toxic mold?
Mold is a type of fungus that thrives in moist environments. Outdoors, mold plays an important role in breaking down dead plants and organic matter. Indoors, however, mold can become a problem when moisture builds up in bathrooms, basements, kitchens or around leaky pipes and windows, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Some of the most common types of molds linked to allergies, per the CDC, include:
- Cladosporium: Often found on plants, wood and damp fabrics. It can grow indoors and outdoors.
- Aspergillus: A mold frequently found in air conditioning systems, dust and building materials.
- Penicillium: Often found on water-damaged materials, including carpeting, wallpaper and insulation.
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology notes that mold spores are microscopic and can spread easily through the air. While not all molds are dangerous, exposure can irritate the immune system in people with allergies or asthma.
Symptoms of a mold allergy
Mold allergy symptoms may be confused for other seasonal or environmental allergies. Symptoms may range from mild irritation to more severe respiratory issues depending on the person and the level of exposure. Common symptoms, according to the Mayo Clinic, include:
- Sneezing
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Coughing
- Postnasal drip
- Itchy eyes, nose or throat
- Watery eyes
- Dry or scaly skin
Mold exposure can also trigger asthma symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath in people with asthma, according to the AAFA.
Symptoms may worsen after spending time in damp spaces or doing outdoor chores such as raking leaves and mowing grass, or spending time around water-damaged materials.
Signs mold may be present in your home
Sometimes mold is visible, but not always. Even when hidden behind walls or under flooring, mold can still release spores into the air.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lists the following as potential signs of mold in the home:
- A musty or earthy odor
- Water stains or discoloration on ceilings and walls
- Peeling paint or warped surfaces
- Condensation or excess humidity
- Allergy symptoms that improve after you leave
- Bathrooms, laundry rooms, basements and areas with poor ventilation are especially prone to mold growth
How are mold allergies diagnosed?
If allergy symptoms persist or worsen indoors, schedule an appointment with your primary care provider (PCP), who may refer you to a specialist such as an allergist. Your PCP may ask about symptoms, home conditions and possible exposure to mold. According to the Cleveland Clinic, testing may include:
- Skin prick testing: Small amounts of allergens are introduced to the skin to check for reactions.
- Blood tests: These can help identify immune system responses to certain molds.
An allergist can help determine whether mold is the cause of symptoms or if another allergy is contributing to your issue.
Mold treatment and prevention options
The best way to manage mold allergies is to reduce exposure while treating symptoms. That may mean treating yourself with:
- Antihistamines
- Nasal corticosteroid sprays
- Decongestants
- Allergy shots – also called immunotherapy – for long-term symptom management
The American Lung Association recommends preventing mold growth at home by:
- Keeping indoor humidity below 50%
- Using a dehumidifier in damp areas
- Using exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens
- Fixing leaks promptly
- Cleaning visible mold safely and thoroughly
- Replacing water-damaged materials when necessary
People with severe mold allergies or asthma may want to consider wearing a mask while cleaning damp spaces or doing yardwork.
When to seek medical attention for mold allergies
Occasional allergy symptoms can often be managed at home, but persistent symptoms should not be ignored. Seek medical care if symptoms interfere with sleep, daily activities or breathing.
People who experience worsening asthma symptoms, frequent sinus infections or prolonged coughing should also talk with their PCP. Early treatment and reducing mold exposure can help prevent symptoms from becoming more severe.
Photo credit: Getty Images
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